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INDONESIA
Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology
Published by Pusat Litbang Daya Saing Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan
ISSN : 20895690     EISSN : 24069272     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Squalen publishes original and innovative research to provide readers with the latest research, knowledge, emerging technologies, postharvest, processing and preservation, food safety and environment, biotechnology and bio-discovery of marine and fisheries. The key focus of the research should be on marine and fishery and the manuscript should include a fundamental discussion of the research findings and their significance. Manuscripts that simply report data without providing a detailed interpretation of the results are unlikely to be accepted for publication in the journal.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 9 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023" : 9 Documents clear
Abundance and Characteristics of Microplastics Found in The Gastrointestinal Tract of Commercial Marine Fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia Aunurohim Aunurohim; Eka Krisna Risawati; Eka Nur Rahmawati; Nova Maulidina Ashuri; Fione Yukita Yalindua; Putri Saphira Ibrahim; Nita Citrasari; Miftakhul Sefti Raufanda; Romanus Edy Prabowo
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.719

Abstract

Microplastic (MP) pollution is an emerging environmental problem that threatens food security, food safety, and human health since it has been reported to be found in commercial fish consumed by humans. Bitung, North Sulawesi, is one of the biggest contributors to capture fishery production in Indonesia. However, there is no data on microplastic pollution in commercial marine fish from Bitung. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the presence and identify the visual characteristics (color, shape, size) and the polymer type of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of commercial marine fish from Bitung, North Sulawesi. The gastrointestinal tract was extracted using KOH 10%, and the microplastic was observed under a stereo microscope. A total of 753 microplastic particles were found in the gastrointestinal tract of 74 individuals (prevalence 99%), and there was a statistically significant difference in the abundance of microplastics found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic and demersal fish. The average number of microplastic particles found in the gastrointestinal tract of pelagic fish (12,24 ± 2,43) is higher than in demersal fish (7,38 ± 3,48). The dominant color and shape of microplastic found in the gastrointestinal tract of the fish were black and fiber, respectively. At the same time, the dominant microplastic size found in the gastrointestinal tract of demersal fish was bigger (1,001-5,000 µm, 39,4%) compared to pelagic fish (150-500 µm, 47%). The Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis result shows that microplastics of the same polymer type can be found in the gastrointestinal tract of both pelagic and demersal fish.
Effect of Cooking and Preservation Time on Fish Balls Quality Produced from Pangasius Hypophthalmus Meat By product Ngoc Duc Vu; Thanh Truc Tran; Van Muoi Nguyen
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.739

Abstract

The demand for Tra fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) fillets is increasing every year which also increases the number of fish meat byproducts. Approximately 10% of P. hypophthalmus meat is discarded after the production of fish fillets. This study aimed to develop fish balls from the fishmeat byproduct of P. hypophthalmus fillet then investigated the effect of cooking methods and preservation time on the alteration of its texture, brightness, and total bacterial count (TBC). The raw material, minced byproduct and fish balls were analyzed for pH, protein, fat, and moisture contents. The protein content in Tra fish reached 7.35% and increased to 37.14% after the completion of the processing stages for the finished product. Blanching for 4 minutes at 90°C and steaming for 4 minutes at 100°C resulted in good texture and brightness of fish balls. However, a more effective reduction in total bacterial count was observed during the blanching process. Fish balls were preserved by freezing at -40 °C for 42 days and still maintained stable brightness. However, TBC increased significantly after 7 days, and conversely for the texture of fish balls. A finding on the stability of texture and TBC of fish balls when continued preservation from 7 to 42 days. The utilization and use of by-products from the fish fillet processing industry contribute to improving the economic value of the aquaculture industry.
Molecular Assessment of Kappaphycus alvarezii Cultivated in Tarakan based on cox2-3 Spacer Gloria Ika Satriani; Dinar Tri Soelistyowati; Alimuddin Alimuddin; Harton Arfah; Irzal Effendi
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.736

Abstract

The seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii is a leading aquaculture commodity possessing high economic value that has been used as a raw material for various natural products, food, and pharmaceutical industries. The main challenge regarding its production, especially in Tarakan, is the supply of superior seeds. Therefore, this study aims to obtain phylogenetic information and the cultivation performance of the selected seeds by identifying genetic sources based on molecular markers. DNA sequencing was analyzed using the molecular marker cyclooxygenase 2-3 intergenic spacer (cox2-3 spacer) on the 16 cultivars collection from around Indonesia. Four haplotypes representing the K. alvarezii variant to be cultivated in Tarakan City were produced based on the phylogenetic clustering and further molecular analysis using a cox2-3 spacer mitochondrial DNA marker. These include the Kupang and Natuna varieties, also referred to as Lampung seedlings, which is a tissue culture plantlets used for development at SEAMEO-BIOTROP Bogor and propagated by the Lampung Marine Aquaculture Center (BBPBL), Tarakan. These varieties have genetic distances (pairwise comparisons based on the mean Kimura 2-parameter model) ranging from 0.000-0.243 units. The cultivation was carried out for 30 days in the waters of Tanjung Batu (Tj. Batu) Mamburungan, Tarakan, North Kalimantan. The result showed that the Lampung cultivar (Natuna) has a superior daily growth rate (DGR) and carrageenan yield compared to the local cultivars (Mamburungan Tanjung Batu (Takalar), Tarakan, and Kupang). Furthermore, the genetic analysis with cox2-3 spacer markers could be an effective seed selection tool for tracing genetic information in developing superior seedlings in aquaculture activities.
Study of Actinotrichia fragilis Indonesian Red Seaweed as Raw Material for Healthy Salt Nurjanah Nurjanah; Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb; Asadatun Abdullah; Joko Ahadi Priyanto; Naufal Muharam Nurdin; Anggrei Viona Seulalae
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.753

Abstract

Healthy seaweed salt is low sodium salt from seaweed that offers health benefits for hypertension patients. Indonesian seaweed has the potential to produce healthy seaweed salt. Research to date still focuses on green and brown seaweed but there is still no report for red seaweed. Actinotrichia fragilis is one of red seaweed species that has been discovered in Indonesia’s seawater and has not yet been utilized. Thus, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of A. fragilis flour and the optimum ratio for producing seaweed salt with a high yield, optimum %NaCl, Na/K ratio, and antioxidant activity. Seaweed salt production treatment was the ratio of seaweed flour and distilled water 1:3, 1:5, and 1:10 (w/v), extracted at 40°C for 10 minutes. The mixture was filtered, then dried at 60°C for 30 hours. Data analysis was performed by analysis of variance. The raw material for dried A. fragilis seaweed has a high ash and low-lipid content. Then the ethanol extract had a total phenolic content value of 84.34 mg GAE/g and an antioxidant activity value of 98.22 mg/L. Furthermore, the antioxidant capacity of the ethanol extract was 60.15 mmol ascorbic acid/g and 552.21 mmol Fe2+/g. The best treatment for producing A. fragilis salt is 1:10 with yield of 12.76±0.13%, %NaCl 47.22±1.38%, Na/K ratio 3.32±0.18, IC50 with DPPH and ABTS method 113 mg/L and 87.27 mg/L, total antioxidant capacity 38.21 mg/mL ascorbic acid/g, and 304.32 mmol Fe2+/g. Furthermore, A. fragilis can be used for the production of  healthy seaweed salt.
The Potential of Sponge-Associated Bacillus spp. as A Biocontrol Agent to Inhibit Several Bacteria from Infected Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burch) Risky Hadi Wibowo; Sipriyadi Sipriyadi; Welly Darwis; Ardinan Pribadi; Novi Susianti; Della Indah Medani; Nadya Rosianti; Gustina Dwi Wulandari
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.724

Abstract

Catfish farming has been increasingly threatened by outbreaks of diseases caused by bacteria which are major problems for Indonesia’s catfish industry. This can lead to a decrease in the food quality of freshwater fishery products, especially catfish. In catfish farming, the occurrence of diseases can cause severe financial losses. This study aimed to identify bacteria that infected catfish and discover new potential antibacterial agents from Bacillus spp. isolated from a marine sponge to inhibit several bacteria from the infected catfish. Catfish samples were obtained from catfish farming with clinical observation of ulcerative lesions on the outside of the body. Several bacteria were isolated from the catfish and used sponge-associated bacterium to inhibit them in which using two methods namely spot assay and disc diffusion assay. Bacterial supernatant and pellet were used to performed antibacterial assay using disc diffusion method. These bacterial isolates were identified through their colony morphology, Gram staining, biochemical assays, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. Bacterial identification based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that GL1 was 99.92% closely related to Aeromonas jandaei, HL1 was 100% closely to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and GL2 and HL2 was closely related to Bacillus cereus. The results of antibacterial assay indicated that sponge-associated Bacillus spp. successfully inhibited some bacteria that associated with infected catfish. In addition, Bacillus velezensis APD10 exhibited the most potential strain with antibacterial property which could inhibit all bacteria from the diseased catfish.
Metabolites Alteration and Antioxidant Activity of Gracilaria verrucosa After Fermentation Using Aureobasidium melanogenum MTGK.31 Mada Triandala Sibero; Adella Maulina Savitri; Evan Hansel Frederick; Sri Sedjati
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.727

Abstract

Gracilaria verrucosa is a red seaweed that has been widely utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its biological properties. The utilization of biological agents in obtaining certain bioactive compounds would confront unavoidable issues, particularly its bioactive sustainability. Hence, microbial fermentation has been reported as a practical approach to maintaining bioactive production and boosting its properties. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential of marine yeast Aureobasidium melanogenum MTGK.31 as a fermenting agent for G. verrucosa and characterize the seaweed metabolite profile and antioxidant activity after fermentation. The seaweed was fermented using A. melanogenum MTGK.31 in a medium consisting of yeast extract, peptone, and glucose. The fermentation was done for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Total plate count and pH were measured after each fermentation period. The primary and secondary metabolites of G. verrucosa in each fermentation were observed. Antioxidant assay using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) method was conducted, followed by total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. It was highlighted that yeast colony increased during the fermentation, while the pH level was decreasing. We found that the fermentation not only boosted some elements in primary metabolites, but also increased G. verrucosa bioactive groups. After 72 hours of fermentation, the G. verrucosa percent radical scavenging activity (%RSA) increased more than two times compared to the fresh G. verrucosa with a %RSA value of 16.09±6.57. Nevertheless, the highest total phenolic content of 5.62±0.00028 mg GAE/g extract was shown by G. verrucosa after 48 hours of fermentation.
Antioxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Halymenia durvillei Water Extract Containing R-Phycoerythrin Before and After Microencapsulation Tiara Silva Khatulistiani; Devi Ambarwaty Oktavia; Ifah Munifah; Endar Marraskuranto
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.762

Abstract

Halymenia durvillei water extract (HDWE) contains a dark-pink colored pigment of Rphycoerythrin (R-PE), which its stability is influenced by temperature and pH and possesses biological activities. Microencapsulation could be the solution to preserving the nature of R-PE. This study characterized the HDWE emulsion and analyzed the RPE content, antioxidants, and anti-tyrosinase activities before and after microencapsulation using sodium caseinate and maltodextrin (M-HDWE). Halymenia durvillei was extracted in distilled water (ratio 1:2, w/v) for 24 hours at 4 °C. Sodium caseinate to maltodextrin coating ratios were 1:2; 1:4; 1:6 and 1:12. Emulsion (viscosity, color, and R-PE content) and powder characteristics (surface morphology) were determined using Brookfield DV2T, ColorFlex EZ Hunterlab, UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and JeolSEM, respectively. The antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities were determined using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and mushroom tyrosinase assays. The Commision Internationale d’Éclairage (CIE) L* a* b* colorimetry result showed that the more maltodextrin and the lower viscosity, the more intense the emulsion color. Despite HDWE having roughly six-fold more R-PE content, all M-HDWE treatment samples exhibited equal R-PE contents (p 0.05). The M-HDWE 1:2; 1:4; 1:6; and 1:12 microcapsules had more wrinkled spheres and fewer cracks than MHDWE 0. The M-HDWE 1:2 had 33.10% lower antioxidant activity than the HDWE and was the highest compared to other M-HDWE compositions (17.15±1.27 µM/µg extract, p 0.05). Meanwhile, all M-HDWE had low anti-tyrosinase activity. It can be concluded that microencapsulation could be a solution for preserving HDWE’s antioxidant activity but not its anti-tyrosinase activity
Front Cover Squalen Bulletin Vol. 18 No. 1 Tahun 2023 Squalen Buletin
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.808

Abstract

Preface Squalen Bulletin Vol. 18 No.1 Tahun 2023 Squalen Buletin
Squalen, Buletin Pascapanen dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan Vol 18, No 1 (2023): May 2023
Publisher : Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Processing and Biotechnol

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15578/squalen.807

Abstract

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